Simenti nwere ike iji na ahụ mmadụ - ciment ọkpụkpụ

Simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ aha a na-ejikarị maka ciment ọkpụkpụ ma bụrụ ihe eji eme ọgwụ na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. N'ihi ọdịdị ya na ihe anụ ahụ dị ka ciment ọcha nke a na-eji na-ewu na ihe ịchọ mma mgbe ọ gbasiri ike, ọ nwere aha a ma ama. N'afọ ndị 1970, a na-eji ciment ọkpụkpụ eme ihe maka nhazi prosthesis nkwonkwo, a pụkwara iji ya dị ka ihe na-ejuputa anụ ahụ na nrụzi na orthopedics na dentistry.

Ihe kachasị uru nke ciment ọkpụkpụ bụ nkwụsi ike ya ngwa ngwa, na-enye ohere maka ọrụ nhazigharị n'oge. N'ezie, ciment ọkpụkpụ nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ, dị ka nrụgide dị elu mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime oghere ụmị ọkpụkpụ n'oge ndochi, nke nwere ike ime ka abụba abụba banye n'ime arịa ọbara ma mee ka embolism. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị iche na ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, ka oge na-agakwa, nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ ka nwere ike ịtọpụ. Ya mere, nchọpụta banyere ciment biomaterials ọkpụkpụ bụ mgbe niile isiokwu na-ekpo ọkụ nke nchegbu maka ndị nchọpụta.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ciment ọkpụkpụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nyocha bụ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement ọkpụkpụ, ciment ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ, na calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ ciment.
PMMA ọkpụkpụ simenti bụ acrylic polima nke kpụrụ site na ịgwakọta mmiri mmiri methyl methacrylate monomer na dynamic methyl methacrylate styrene copolymer, na obere monomer fọdụrụnụ, obere ike ọgwụgwụ na-eguzogide na mgbawa mgbawa, nakwa dị ka nnukwu tensile ike na plasticity. A na-eji ciment ọkpụkpụ PMMA eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa nke ịwa ahụ plastic, ma tinye ya na dentistry, okpokoro isi, na ọkpụkpụ ndị ọzọ na-edozi ọkpụkpụ dị ka 1940s. A na-eji ciment ọkpụkpụ acrylate mee ihe n'ịwa ahụ anụ ahụ mmadụ ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ime narị puku kwuru puku ụlọ ọgwụ ma n'ime ụlọ na mba ụwa.

Akụkụ siri ike nke simenti ọkpụkpụ PMMA na-abụkarị akụkụ nke prepolymer PMMA, na usoro mmiri mmiri bụ MMA monomer, yana ụfọdụ ndị initiators polymerization na stabilizers agbakwunyere. Mgbe a na-agwakọta PMMA nke siri ike na-agba ọsọ na mmiri mmiri-phase MMA monomer, mmeghachi omume copolymerization polymer na-eme ozugbo iji nweta ihe siri ike nke ciment ọkpụkpụ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge usoro siri ike a, a na-ahapụ nnukwu okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike ime ka ihe ọkụkụ dị gburugburu na-emebi ihe, na-eduga na mbufụt na ọbụna necrosis anụ ahụ. Ya mere, a na-achọkwu nyocha ngwa ngwa iji mee ka mma nke ciment ọkpụkpụ polymethyl methacrylate dị mma ma belata ma ọ bụ wepụ mmetụta dị n'akụkụ ciment ọkpụkpụ PMMA.

A na-etinye Calcium phosphate na nrụzi ọkpụkpụ n'ihi ọmarịcha biocompatibility ya na ike nrụpụta ọkpụkpụ. N'ụlọ ọgwụ, a na-ejikarị ya dị ka ihe injectable iji mejupụta oghere ọkpụkpụ ma melite nhazi ngwaike na ịwa ahụ mgbawa. Ngwakọta nke simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate dị ka mineral nke ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, nke nwere ike ịmaliteghachi ma kwalite uto ime na imegharị ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ. Usoro siri ike nke simenti ọkpụkpụ phosphate calcium bụ mmeghachi omume mmiri ozuzo na-agbaze. Site n'ịchịkwa uru pH nke usoro mmeghachi omume, hydroxyapatite (HA) nwere ike ịmalite n'ime pH nke 4.2-11. Na mbido mbụ, ọgbọ nke HA na-achịkwa nke ọma site na mmeghachi omume elu, na HA na-emepụta n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'elu na n'elu ihe na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ihe dị iche iche dịkwuo ike. Ọdịnaya dị elu nke kristal HA, ka a na-enwekwu kọntaktị, na ike mkpakọ na-abawanye ya. N'ime oge ikpeazụ nke mmeghachi omume hydration, a na-ekpuchi elu akụkụ ahụ na oyi akwa nke HA, na mmeghachi omume hydration nke simenti calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ na-aghọ mgbasa nke na-achịkwa site na mmeghachi omume hydration. Site na mmeghachi omume hydration na-aga n'ihu, a na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta HA, na kristal HA na-emepụta na-eto eto. Ngwaahịa hydration ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ejupụta ohere nke mmiri na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume, nke mere na oghere nke mmiri na-adịbu na-ekewa n'ime oghere capillary na-adịghị mma site na kristal HA.

A na-amụba pores gel, na oke pore na-ebelata mgbe niile. A na-atụgharị kristal HA nke ọma na bridged, na ike njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe na-abawanye. A na-eme ka ihe simenti ọkpụkpụ sie ike n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ siri ike nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke pores, si otú a na-egosi ike ịgwọ ọrịa macro.

Na omume ụlọ ọgwụ, ọkpụkpụ vertebral na-agbawa traumatic nwere usoro mmerụ ahụ pụrụ iche ma na-emekarị na ndị na-eto eto nwere ikike nrụghachi ọkpụkpụ siri ike. Enwere ike iji ciment ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate mee ihe nke ọma iji gwọọ mgbaji dị otú ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate bụkwa ezigbo ọkpụkpụ dị mma maka ịwa ahụ ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị mma. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ogologo oge siri ike na nkwụsị okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị n'oge usoro nhazi siri ike, ciment ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate na-adịchaghị mma na ike, ọ na-enwekwa ike ịgbasa site na ọkpụkpụ. Ya mere, nnyocha na calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ ciment ka na-aga n'ihu.

Calcium sulfate bụ ihe ọzọ dị mfe maka nrụzi ọkpụkpụ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ịrụzi ọkpụkpụ ihe karịrị 100 afọ, yana akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị ogologo. Calcium sulfate nwere ezigbo nnabata nke mmadụ, biodegradability, na njikwa ọkpụkpụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa maka ntụgharị ọkpụkpụ autologous na nyocha mbụ. The siri ike na-adọ mainstream nke calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ simenti bụ anhydrous calcium sulfate ntụ ntụ, na mmiri mmiri na-adọ bụ physiological saline na ndị ọzọ aqueous ngwọta. Mgbe agwakọtara usoro siri ike na nke mmiri mmiri, calcium sulfate na-enweta mmeghachi omume hydration, na-emepụta ntụ ọka calcium sulfate dihydrate nke agịga na-ejikọta ibe ha, si otú a na-esiwanye ike n'ime ikpo nwere ụdị na ike. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọrụ ndụ na-adịghị mma, calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ ciment enweghị ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ n'etiti calcium sulfate grafts na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, ọ ga-emebi ngwa ngwa. Calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ ciment nwere ike ịbanye kpamkpam n'ime izu isii ka etinyechara ya, na nbibi ngwa ngwa a adabaghị na usoro nhazi ọkpụkpụ. Ya mere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ ciment, mmepe na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ nke calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ simenti dị oke oke.

Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị ndụ, polymers biodegradable, protein, polysaccharides, molecules inorganic, bioceramics, na bioglass nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ciment ọkpụkpụ nke ọma, na-enye echiche ọhụrụ maka ụdị ciment ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ.
Na nchịkọta, ciment ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na ụlọ ọgwụ dentistry na orthopedics, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ ezigbo onye na-ebu ọgwụ na ọkpụkpụ na-anọchi anya ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ.

Site na ntinye ohuru na mmepe nke sayensị, teknụzụ, na ihe ndị na-aga n'ihu, a kwenyere na a ga-emepụta ihe ciment ọkpụkpụ dị elu n'ọdịnihu, dị ka ike dị elu, injectable, mmiri na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na ụdị nhazi ngwa ngwa. Ngwa nke ciment ọkpụkpụ na omume ụlọ ọgwụ ga-aghọwanye ebe niile, uru ya ga-abakwa ụba.