Cement uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tib neeg lub cev - pob txha cement

Pob txha cement yog ib lub npe siv rau pob txha pob txha thiab yog cov khoom siv kho mob siv hauv orthopedics. Vim nws cov tsos thiab lub cev zoo li cov cement dawb siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj tom qab solidification, nws muaj lub npe nrov. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, cov pob txha pob txha twb tau siv rau kev kho cov pob txha pob txha, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kho cov khoom siv hauv orthopedics thiab kho hniav.

Qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob txha cement yog nws txoj kev ruaj khov sai, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm rov qab ua haujlwm thaum ntxov. Tau kawg, cov pob txha cement kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, xws li qee zaus muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv cov pob txha pob txha thaum lub sij hawm txhaws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj ntsha tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau embolism. Ntxiv mus, nws txawv ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha, thiab dhau sij hawm, cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem tseem xoob. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntawm pob txha cement biomaterials yeej ib txwm yog lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau cov kws tshawb fawb.

Tam sim no, feem ntau siv thiab tshawb fawb pob txha pob txha yog polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pob txha cement, calcium phosphate pob txha cement, thiab calcium sulfate pob txha cement.
PMMA pob txha MAAs yog ib qho acrylic polymer tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua kua methyl methacrylate monomer thiab dynamic methyl methacrylate styrene copolymer, nrog cov monomer residue, tsis tshua muaj zog tiv thaiv thiab kev ntxhov siab tawg, nrog rau siab tensile zog thiab yas. PMMA pob txha cement tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob phais yas, thiab tau siv rau hauv kev kho hniav, pob txha taub hau, thiab lwm yam kev kho pob txha thaum ntxov li xyoo 1940. Acrylate pob txha cement tau siv rau hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg phais thiab tau siv ntau pua txhiab tus neeg mob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.

Cov theem khoom ntawm PMMA pob txha cement feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm polymerized prepolymer PMMA, thiab cov theem ua kua yog MMA monomer, nrog rau qee qhov polymerization pib thiab stabilizers ntxiv. Thaum cov khoom-theem prepolymer PMMA tov nrog cov kua-theem MMA monomer, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymer copolymerization tshwm sim tam sim ntawd kom ua tiav cov pob txha pob txha. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm solidification txheej txheem no, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub yog tso tawm, uas yuav ua rau thermal puas rau ib puag ncig cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau o thiab txawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau ceev nrooj los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm polymethyl methacrylate pob txha cement thiab txo lossis tshem tawm cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm PMMA pob txha cement.

Calcium phosphate yog siv rau hauv kev kho pob txha vim nws zoo heev biocompatibility thiab pob txha muaj peev xwm. Clinically, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj los sau cov pob txha pob txha thiab txhim kho kho vajtse hauv kev phais pob txha. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm calcium phosphate pob txha cement yog zoo ib yam li cov minerals ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha, uas yuav reabsorbed thiab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sab hauv thiab kho cov pob txha ntuj. Lub solidification mechanism ntawm calcium phosphate pob txha cement yog ib tug dissolution hydration nag lossis daus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm tus nqi pH ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, hydroxyapatite (HA) tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qhov pH ntau ntawm 4.2-11. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, lub cim ntawm HA feem ntau yog tswj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nto, thiab HA generated ntawm hais thiab nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm HA crystals, ntau cov ntsiab lus sib cuag muaj, thiab lub zog compressive kuj nce raws li. Nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration, cov particle nto yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm HA, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration ntawm calcium phosphate pob txha cement ua diffusion tswj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration. Nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration tas li, ntau thiab ntau cov HA cov khoom raug tsim tawm, thiab cov HA crystals generated tau loj hlob. Cov khoom siv dej ntws maj mam ua rau qhov chaw ntawm cov dej koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li ntawd qhov chaw yav dhau los nyob hauv dej tau muab faib ua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm capillary pores los ntawm HA crystals.

Cov gel pores tau nce, thiab qhov pore loj yog tas li txo. Lub HA crystals yog staggered thiab txuas, thiab lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom yog nce. Cov khoom siv pob txha pob txha yog solidified rau hauv cov khoom ntxeem tau nrog ntau qhov pores, yog li qhia lub zog macro curing.

Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, kev puas tsuaj vertebral tawg pob txha muaj kev raug mob tshwj xeeb thiab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm txhim kho pob txha muaj zog. Calcium phosphate pob txha cement tuaj yeem siv tau los kho cov pob txha zoo li no. Lub caij no, calcium phosphate pob txha cement kuj yog ib qho kev hloov pob txha zoo rau cov pob txha benign qog resection phais. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lub sij hawm ntev solidification thiab tsis tshua muaj cua sov tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm solidification txheej txheem, calcium phosphate pob txha cement muaj kuj tsis zoo adhesion thiab lub zog, thiab nws yog nquag mus disintegration ntawm cov pob txha. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog calcium phosphate pob txha cement tseem ua tsis tau.

Calcium sulfate yog cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev kho pob txha thiab tau siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho pob txha rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntev tshaj plaws. Calcium sulfate muaj tib neeg kam rau siab, biodegradability, thiab cov pob txha conduction zog, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb lwm yam khoom siv rau autologous pob txha hloov hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov. Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm calcium sulfate pob txha cement yog anhydrous calcium sulfate hmoov, thiab cov kua theem yog physiological saline thiab lwm yam aqueous daws. Thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov kua dej sib xyaw, calcium sulfate tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration, tsim cov koob zoo li calcium sulfate dihydrate whiskers uas txuas thiab sib koom ua ke, yog li solidifying rau hauv ib pawg nrog qee yam zoo thiab lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tsis zoo, calcium sulfate pob txha cement tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm calcium sulfate grafts thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab yuav degrade sai. Calcium sulfate pob txha cement tuaj yeem nqus tau tag nrho tsis pub dhau rau lub lis piam tom qab cog, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj sai sai no tsis phim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob txha tsim. Yog li ntawd, piv rau calcium phosphate pob txha cement, txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kho mob daim ntawv thov ntawm calcium sulfate pob txha cement yog kuj txwv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov organic molecules me me, biodegradable polymers, proteins, polysaccharides, inorganic molecules, bioceramics, thiab bioglass tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob txha cement, muab cov tswv yim tshiab rau hom tshiab pob txha cement.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov pob txha cement tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho hniav thiab orthopedics, thiab xav tias yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo tagnrho thiab cov khoom siv pob txha hloov rau lub cev pob txha.

Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, thiab cov khoom siv, nws ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm cov pob txha cement ntau dua yuav raug tsim nyob rau yav tom ntej, xws li lub zog siab, txhaj tshuaj, dej resistant, thiab ceev ceev hom. Kev siv cov pob txha cement hauv kev kho mob yuav ua kom dav zuj zus, thiab nws cov nqi yuav nce ntxiv.