Simintin da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin jikin mutum - simintin kashi

Simintin kashi sunan da aka saba amfani da shi na simintin kashi kuma kayan aikin likitanci ne da ake amfani da shi wajen gyaran kashi. Saboda kamanninsa da kayan jikinsa masu kama da farin siminti da ake amfani da shi wajen gini da kuma ado bayan ƙarfafawa, yana da irin wannan suna mai shahara. A cikin 1970s, an riga an yi amfani da simintin kashi don gyaran kafa na haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman cika nama da kayan gyara a cikin orthopedics da likitan hakora.

Babban fa'idar simintin kashi shine saurin ƙarfafa shi, yana ba da izinin ayyukan gyarawa da wuri. Tabbas, simintin kashi shima yana da wasu kura-kurai, kamar hawan jini lokaci-lokaci a cikin kogon kasusuwan kasusuwa yayin cikawa, wanda zai iya haifar da ɗigon kitse don shiga tasoshin jini kuma yana haifar da kumburi. Bugu da ƙari, ya bambanta da ƙasusuwan mutum, kuma bayan lokaci, haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi na iya zama sako-sako. Saboda haka, binciken da aka yi kan simintin kasusuwa na halitta ya kasance babban abin damuwa ga masu bincike.

A halin yanzu, simintin kashi da aka fi amfani da su da kuma bincike su ne polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) simintin kashi, simintin kashi na calcium phosphate, da simintin kashi sulfate.
PMMA kashi siminti ne acrylic polymer kafa ta hanyar hadawa ruwa methyl methacrylate monomer da dynamic methyl methacrylate styrene copolymer, tare da low monomer saura, low gajiya juriya da danniya fatattaka juriya, kazalika da high tensile ƙarfi da kuma roba. An yi amfani da simintin kashi na PMMA sosai a fannin tiyatar filastik na likitanci, kuma an yi amfani da shi a fannin likitan hakora, kwanyar, da sauran wuraren gyaran kashi tun farkon shekarun 1940. An yi amfani da simintin kashi na Acrylate a aikin tiyatar nama na ɗan adam kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin ɗaruruwan dubban lokuta na asibiti a cikin gida da na duniya.

Tsayayyen lokaci na simintin kashi na PMMA gabaɗaya shine partially polymerized prepolymer PMMA, kuma lokacin ruwa shine MMA monomer, tare da wasu masu ƙaddamar da polymerization da masu haɓakawa. Lokacin da m-lokaci prepolymer PMMA aka gauraye da ruwa-lokaci MMA monomer, a polymer copolymerization dauki faruwa nan da nan don cimma solidification na kashi ciminti. Duk da haka, a lokacin wannan tsari na ƙarfafawa, an saki babban adadin zafi, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar thermal ga ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye da su, haifar da kumburi har ma da necrosis nama. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike cikin gaggawa don inganta ingancin simintin kashi na polymethyl methacrylate da rage ko kawar da illar simintin kashi na PMMA.

Ana amfani da Calcium phosphate a gyaran kashi saboda kyakkyawan yanayin da yake da shi da haɓakar kashi. A asibiti, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa azaman kayan allura don cike gibin kashi da inganta gyaran kayan aiki a aikin tiyatar karaya. Abun da ke tattare da simintin kashi na calcium phosphate yayi kama da ma'adanai na ƙasusuwan ɗan adam, wanda za'a iya sake dawowa da haɓaka haɓakar ciki da sake fasalin ƙasusuwan halitta. The solidification inji na alli phosphate kashi ciminti ne narkar da hydration hazo dauki. Ta hanyar sarrafa ƙimar pH na tsarin amsawa, hydroxyapatite (HA) na iya haɓaka cikin kewayon pH na 4.2-11. A cikin mataki na farko, tsararrun HA yana sarrafawa ne ta hanyar halayen yanayi, kuma HA da aka haifar tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da kuma a kan sassan kwayoyin halitta suna ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin sassan. Mafi girman abun ciki na lu'ulu'u na HA, mafi yawan wuraren tuntuɓar akwai, kuma ƙarfin matsawa shima yana ƙaruwa daidai. A cikin mataki na gaba na hydration dauki, da barbashi surface an mai rufi da Layer na HA, da kuma hydration dauki na alli phosphate kashi siminti zama watsawa sarrafawa ta hanyar hydration dauki. Tare da ci gaba da amsawar hydration, ana samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin HA, kuma kristal HA da aka haifar suna girma. Kayayyakin hydration sannu a hankali suna cika sararin ruwa da ke shiga cikin halayen, ta yadda sararin da ruwa ya mamaye a baya ya kasu kashi-kashi na capillary pores ta lu'ulu'u HA.

Gel pores suna karuwa, kuma girman pore yana raguwa kullum. Lu'ulu'u na HA suna tagulla da gada, kuma ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin barbashi yana ƙaruwa. An ƙarfafa kayan simintin kashi a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari mai ƙarfi tare da adadi mai yawa na pores, don haka yana nuna ƙarfin maganin macro.

A cikin aikin asibiti, ɓarna ɓarna na ɓarna na ɓarna yana da tsarin rauni na musamman kuma yawanci yana faruwa a cikin matasa waɗanda ke da ƙarfin sake gina ƙashi. Ana iya amfani da simintin kashi na Calcium phosphate yadda ya kamata don magance irin wannan karaya. A halin yanzu, simintin kashi na calcium phosphate shima ingantaccen kashi ne don maye gurbin ƙashi mara kyau. Duk da haka, saboda tsawon lokacin ƙarfafawa da ƙarancin zafi mai sauƙi a lokacin aikin ƙarfafawa, simintin kasusuwa na calcium phosphate yana da ƙarancin mannewa da ƙarfi, kuma yana da sauƙi ga rushewa daga kashi. Saboda haka, bincike kan simintin kashi phosphate na calcium har yanzu yana gudana.

Calcium sulfate shine mafi sauƙi madadin abu don gyaran kashi kuma an yi amfani dashi a kayan gyaran kashi fiye da shekaru 100, tare da tarihin aikace-aikacen asibiti mafi tsawo. Calcium sulfate yana da kyakkyawan haƙurin ɗan adam, haɓakar haɓakar halittu, da kaddarorin tafiyar da kashi, yana mai da shi muhimmin madadin abu don dashen ƙashi na autologous a farkon bincike. A m lokaci al'ada na alli sulfate kashi siminti ne anhydrous alli sulfate foda, da kuma ruwa lokaci ne physiological Saline da sauran ruwaye mafita. Lokacin da kauri da ruwa suka haɗu, calcium sulfate yana fuskantar hydration dauki, samar da allura siffata calcium sulfate dihydrate whisker da gada da kuma tari da juna, don haka da ƙarfi a cikin wani tari da wani takamaiman tsari da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, saboda rashin aikin ilimin halitta, simintin kashi sulfate na calcium ba zai iya samar da haɗin gwiwar sinadarai tsakanin ƙwayoyin calcium sulfate grafts da nama na kashi ba, kuma zai ragu cikin sauri. Calcium sulfate kashi siminti za a iya shafe gaba daya a cikin makonni shida bayan dasa, kuma wannan saurin lalacewa bai dace da tsarin samuwar kashi ba. Sabili da haka, idan aka kwatanta da simintin kashi na calcium phosphate, haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen asibiti na simintin kashi sulfate suna da iyaka.

Bugu da kari, da yawa karatu sun nuna cewa kananan kwayoyin halitta, biodegradable polymers, sunadarai, polysaccharides, inorganic kwayoyin, bioceramics, da bioglass iya yadda ya kamata inganta aikin siminti kashi, samar da sababbin ra'ayoyi ga sabon nau'in siminti kashi.
A taƙaice, simintin kashi na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin likitan haƙori da ƙasusuwa, kuma ana sa ran ya zama madaidaicin jigilar ƙwayoyi da kayan maye gurbin kashi don tsarin kwarangwal.

Tare da ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka kimiyya, fasaha, da kayan aiki, an yi imanin cewa za a haɓaka ƙarin kayan simintin kashi masu inganci a nan gaba, kamar ƙarfin ƙarfi, allura, jure ruwa, da nau'ikan saiti mai sauri. Aikace-aikacen simintin kashi a cikin aikin asibiti zai ƙara yaduwa, kuma darajarsa kuma za ta karu.